The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, moved from moderate petitions to assertive politics. The partition of Bengal in 1905 triggered the Swadeshi movement, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916 brought Congress and the Muslim League together briefly.
Gandhi's era begins after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919. The Non-Cooperation movement (1920) was withdrawn after Chauri Chaura, the Civil Disobedience movement opened with the Dandi March in 1930, and the Quit India movement followed in 1942.
Meanwhile revolutionary nationalism ran alongside: Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad and later Subhas Chandra Bose with the Indian National Army. Independence came on 15 August 1947 under the Indian Independence Act.