The earth has seven continents and five oceans, the Pacific being the largest and deepest. Latitudes run parallel to the equator, and longitudes converge at the poles; the prime meridian at 0 degrees passes through Greenwich.
The Tropic of Cancer at 23.5 degrees north passes through eight Indian states. The International Date Line roughly follows 180 degrees longitude, deviating to keep island groups on one side.
Climate belts follow latitude: equatorial rainforests near the equator, deserts around 30 degrees, temperate zones in the mid-latitudes and tundra near the poles.