Basic Economic Concepts

GDP, sectors, inflation and national income.

Gross Domestic Product is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year. GDP at market prices minus indirect taxes plus subsidies gives GDP at factor cost.

The economy is divided into three sectors: primary covers agriculture and mining, secondary manufacturing, and tertiary services. India's tertiary sector contributes the largest share of GDP while agriculture still employs the most people.

Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level, measured in India by the Consumer Price Index and the Wholesale Price Index. Moderate inflation is normal; very high inflation erodes savings.

Important points

  • GDP counts only final goods and services produced within the country.
  • Primary, secondary and tertiary are the three sectors.
  • Agriculture belongs to the primary sector.
  • Inflation in India is tracked using CPI and WPI.

Examples

  1. Value added avoids double counting: only the final price of bread, not the wheat and flour separately.

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